T.J. Gunner B.Sc. Ph.D:

The Physical Behaviour of Crude Oil influencing its Carriage by Sea (CRUCOGSA) The Final Report upon a Research Programme

Report 5/2000
223 p. + 1 cd-rom
ISBN 82-7860-042-2

About the Report

The CRUCOGSA research report describes the methods used during a three year study investigating the behaviour of crude oil during its worldwide transportation. The main development from this research is the production of a database of analysis results of 73 diverse crude oil types or categories together with records of observed parameters undertaken by the respective research vessel during the transportation period.

The report goes on to explore these records and develop primary models and equations that could be used to obtain increased efficiency during the transportation of this complexed material. This subsequent aspect of the report is divided into four chapters with each of these chapters addressing each phase of the crude oil as it impacts transportation and tanker operations. Of course the phases considered within these chapter are the Vapour Phase, the crude oil's main liquid phase, the deposited sludge phases and finally a multiphase model defining the criteria required for the static storage of a crude oil volume in order that phase separation does not occur.

About the author  

Dr. Tim Gunner has been researching the behaviour of crude oil pursuant to his position as a Expert Witness, Consultant and Maritime Arbitrator for the last 20 years. He has written many earlier papers on the subject which address specific aspects of the impact of crude oil behaviour upon its transportation. A previous 11 year research project culminated in the award of Ph.D. from the Maritime Faculty of the University of Wales. This research developed the concept of Cloud Point temperature determination for a crude oil which has now been accepted by the international community as an alteration of the required guidelines for washing of crude oil cargo tanks in order that increased wahing efficiency is acheived. As Associate Professor at Vestfold College he has lead the CRUCOGSA research team investigating the multiphase behaviour of crude oil and, with the use of the developed data, will continue to advance the technology and knowledge required by tanker officers for the efficient and affective transportation of this vital feedstock for the world's community.

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